{"ikmk_id":"484","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Caracalla","inventory_number":"566","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/sachbegriff\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/numid.uni-mainz.de\/permalink\/0\/ID484","publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":65,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/65","publisher_name":"Johannes Gutenberg-Universit\u00e4t Mainz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-113428","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-113428","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-113428\/ID484","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.instag.geschichte.uni-mainz.de\/"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"65","owner_name":"Mainz, Historisches Seminar, Arbeitsbereich Alte Geschichte, der Johannes Gutenberg-Universit\u00e4t","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-113428","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-113428","owner_www_address":"http:\/\/www.sammlungen.uni-mainz.de\/38.php","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/65","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/possession_kind\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"774","nominal":"Doppeldenar (ANT)","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/antoninianus","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4417146-8","info_de":"Das von Kaiser Caracalla (Alleinherrschaft 211\u2013217 n. Chr.) im Jahre 215 eingef\u00fchrte neue Silbernominal im Wert von zwei Denaren. Entspricht im Gewicht zu Anfang anderthalb alten Denaren (ungef\u00e4hr 5 g), unterliegt aber im Verlauf des 3. Jhs. n. Chr. einem zunehmenden Verlust an Gewicht und Feinheit. \u00c4u\u00dferes Kennzeichen sind der Kaiserkopf mit der Strahlenkrone bzw. die Kaiserinnenb\u00fcste auf der Mondsichel auf der Vorderseite. Kaiser Aurelianus versucht 274 n. Chr. eine Reform des zwischenzeitlich zur Kupferm\u00fcnze abgesunkenen Doppeldenares (auch Aurelianus genannt). Die dort in Erscheinung tretenden Wertkennzeichen XX I bzw. K A (20 zu 1) sind in ihrer Bedeutung noch umstritten (gleich 20 Sesterzen bzw. 5 Denare oder doch eher Hinweis auf Feingehalt (20 unedle Teile auf eines aus Silber)). Mit der M\u00fcnzreform des Diocletianus endete die Geschichte des Doppeldenares. Die Bezeichnung \u201eAntoninianus\u201c (abgeleitet vom offiziellen Namen des Caracalla) ist eine moderne Sch\u00f6pfung in Ermangelung einer \u00fcberlieferten antiken Bezeichnung.\r\n\r\nLit.: F. von Schr\u00f6tter, W\u00f6rterbuch der M\u00fcnzkunde (1930) 31. 36.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/nominal\/774"},"date_last":"2022-04-04 08:35:26","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"29","coin_status_name_de":"Antike Herrscherpr\u00e4gung","coin_status_name_en":"Ancient Ruler's issue","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ruler","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/muenzstand\/29"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"25","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/land\/25","country_name_de":"Italien","country_name_en":"Italy","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/italian_republic","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3175395","ikmk_region_id":"263","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/263","region_name":"Italia","region_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/italy","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"678","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/ort\/678","mint_name":"Rom","mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/rome","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3169070"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"24 mm","die_axis":"6 h","weight":"5.07 g","accession":"","access_year":"","provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":null,"avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"ANTONINVS PIVS AVG GERM","image_description":"B\u00fcste des Caracalla nach r., mit Strahlenkrone und Feldherrenmantel.","foto_date":"2018-02-28","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"2","photographer_name":"Lucas Hafner","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/numid.uni-mainz.de\/image\/ID484\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/numid.uni-mainz.de\/image\/ID484\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/numid.uni-mainz.de\/image\/ID484\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/numid.uni-mainz.de\/image\/ID484\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1568812056,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Mainz, Historisches Seminar, Arbeitsbereich Alte Geschichte, der Johannes Gutenberg-Universit\u00e4t, ID484. Aufnahme durch Lucas Hafner.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Mainz, Historisches Seminar, Arbeitsbereich Alte Geschichte, der Johannes Gutenberg-Universit\u00e4t, ID484. Photographs by Lucas Hafner."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"P M TR P XVIIII COS IIII P P","image_description":"Nackter Jupiter stehend frontal, den Kopf nach l. gewandt, h\u00e4lt in der R. einen Blitz, in der L. ein Zepter.","foto_date":"2018-02-28","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"2","photographer_name":"Lucas Hafner","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/numid.uni-mainz.de\/image\/ID484\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/numid.uni-mainz.de\/image\/ID484\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/numid.uni-mainz.de\/image\/ID484\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/numid.uni-mainz.de\/image\/ID484\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1568812103,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Mainz, Historisches Seminar, Arbeitsbereich Alte Geschichte, der Johannes Gutenberg-Universit\u00e4t, ID484. Aufnahme durch Lucas Hafner.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Mainz, Historisches Seminar, Arbeitsbereich Alte Geschichte, der Johannes Gutenberg-Universit\u00e4t, ID484. Photographs by Lucas Hafner."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"3","subdivision_name_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","subdivision_name_en":"Roman Imperial period"},"literatur":"RIC IV.1 Caracalla 275c, S. 252.","comment":"","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"4","period_name":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","period_description":"30 v. - 283 n. Chr.","period_concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/periode\/4"},"year_start":"216","year_end":"216","date_verbal":"216 n. Chr.","year_islam":"0","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":36,"souce":"RIC IV-1 Caracalla","number":"0275c","similar":"0"}],"type_references":{"470":"http:\/\/numismatics.org\/ocre\/id\/ric.4.crl.275C"},"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/herstellungtyp\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"54":{"ikmk_type_id":"54","type_name_de":"Dargestellte\/r","type_name_en":"Sitter","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/portrait","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300189844","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/persontype\/54","items":{"415":{"ikmk_person_id":"415","title":"","first_name":"","last_name":"Caracalla (Marcus Aurelius Antoninus)","person_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118667041","person_viaf_id":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/27865277","vitalDates":"188-217 n. Chr.","person_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/caracalla","person_wikipedia_de_id":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caracalla","person_wikipedia_en_id":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caracalla","corporation":"0","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/415"}}},"57":{"ikmk_type_id":"57","type_name_de":"M\u00fcnzherr","type_name_en":"Authority","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/authority","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1051614252","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/persontype\/57","items":{"415":{"ikmk_person_id":"415","title":"","first_name":"","last_name":"Caracalla (Marcus Aurelius Antoninus)","person_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118667041","person_viaf_id":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/27865277","vitalDates":"188-217 n. 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Jh. v. Chr.-3. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7512142-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"52","timeline_item":"Von Commodus zu den Severern","description":"Die Erhebung seines eigenen Sohnes Commodus zum Augustus im Jahr 177 n. Chr. durch Marcus Aurelius erwies sich als Fehlgriff. Dessen Regierungszeit von 180-192 endete mit der Ermordung des Commodus und st\u00fcrzte das Land in den B\u00fcrgerkrieg. Durchsetzen konnte sich der Provinzstatthalter von Pannonien Septimius Severus (193-211). Die ihm folgenden Herrscher, angefangen mit seinem Sohn Caracalla (211-217), \u00fcber Elagabalus (218-222), der sich gegen Macrinus (217\/218 n. Chr.) durchsetzen mu\u00dfte, bis hin zu Severus Alexander (222-235) legitimierten sich mit Hinweis auf die Herkunft von den Severern.","year_from":"180","year_until":"235","autor":"Weisser, Bernhard"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">PDM 1.0<\/a>.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}